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Problem-Solving and Problem-Based Learning


Learning approaches that address the messy problems of the real world is critical in teaching students to “think like a scientist” (Hunter et al., 2006; Lopatto, 2004). Given the grand challenges facing society that include resource issues and climate change, geoscientists depend on their ability to use a full set of problem solving skills to address these challenges and make individual decisions to ensure a sustainable earth.


  1. Students work collaboratively to solve problems while professors provide a structured, guided context.
  2. Class structure supports students as they apply and synthesize new concepts they are learning.
  3. Faculty introduce new concepts and play an active role interacting with each group of students as they work on problems.
  4. Problems become more sophisticated, reinforcing earlier course concepts.


  1. Provide a structured, guided context for solving problems.
  2. Encourage students to shift from learning by memorizing to learning by doing.
  3. Help students develop problem solving strategies.
  4. Assess student learning informally.
  5. Help students connect new concepts back to a solid base of earlier material.
  6. Acknowledge the challenging nature of the problems while affirming students’ abilities to persevere and be successful.
  7. Identify and clear up misconceptions.
  8. Increase student comfort with faculty by providing opportunities for professors to positively impact student learning via personal interactions.


  1. By collaboratively solving problems, students become active participants in the classroom and have the opportunity to immediately apply new information.
  2. The faculty presence in the classroom allows formative assessment on an ongoing basis and the opportunity to identify and correct misconceptions as they arise.
  3. Because students are solving problems in class and getting immediate feedback, the faculty-coached approach increases students’ studying efficiency and effectiveness.
  4. Faculty can fill in missing gaps in understanding, get students back on track quickly and guide students towards solving problems independently.
  5. A sense of community makes it easier for students to ask questions.
  6. Individuals learn they are not the only ones with questions.