Skip to content

Structured Academic Controversy


Structured academic controversy allows students to discuss controversial topics in a way that promotes critical thinking, decision-making and problem-solving skills. Since the discussion is not a debate, it does not force students to make a decision but rather focus on tackling topic ambiguities and complexities. Likewise, social interaction and exposure to unique life experiences create productive discussions.


  1. This teaching strategy may be used in K-12 and in college environments. Younger students may have a difficult time eliciting their opinions as they may require life experiences.
  2. Students can participate without limits or set expectations.
  3. Encourages dialogue and problem-solving.


  1. Create interactions between instructor-student and student-student groups.
  2. Explain student roles and responsibilities so that discussions remain respectful and conductive to learning.
  3. Encourage students to explore distinct types of perspectives when discussing topics.
  4. Allow students to comment on questions that may not have definitive answers.
  5. Reinforce balance between instructor and student dynamics


Structured academic controversy allows students the opportunity to discuss difficult issues in a safe and productive environment. More importantly, since students are not required to choose a side on the issue, the classroom does not become a debate room. Instead the conversation remains open and more conducive to finding solutions. It is also important to understand constructivism and what role it plays in student communication